MALARIA – KNOW THE SYMPTOMS
What Is Malaria?
• Malaria is an invasive disease caused by the parasitic micro-organisms called protozoa.The genus Plasmodium is one associated with causing malaria in their host.
How Is Malaria Transmitted?
• Malaria is transmitted by an infected female Anopheles mosquito which acts as a carrier of the protozoa.The infected mosquito,through its saliva,upon biting a healthy person,releases the motile plasmodium protozoa(sporozoites)into the bloodstream.
• These protozoans then flow through blood into the liver,where they mature and reproduce(merozoites).These merozoites then infect the RBCs and keep on multiplying inside the cell until the cells burst open and the infection spreads to other parts through the bloodstream.
What Are The Different Types Of Malaria?
There are five different types of malaria, the most common are:
• P.falciparum:- This is the most common form of malaria,found mostly in and around Africa.They multiply rapidly and cause severe blood loss within a short time span.
• P.vivax :- This is the second most common form of malaria,found mostly in Asian and Sub-Saharan region.It remains dormant for weeks,and then matures to start a rapid blood infection.
What Are The Symptoms Of Malaria?
• Malarial symptoms usually show up only 10-15 days after a mosquito bite.The strain of P.vivax,the most common malaria strain in India and Asia,usually doesn’t show symptoms before atleast 2 weeks.
• The symptoms are very similar to that of common cold and hence in many cases malaria remains undiagnosed due to negligence.If not diagnosed early,the symptoms can grow worse and give rise to several complications which may ultimately be fatal.The various symptoms of malaria include:
i. High Fever :- The skin feels hot and dry and the temperature,if the infection is quite high,might reach 107F.
ii. Alternating but Recurring Chills and Sweating :- One of the biggest identifiers of malarial infection,if the patient shows signs of recurrent episodes of chills alternating with periods of sweating,he should face immediate medical tests for malaria.
iii. Nausea :- The feeling of throwing up.
iv. Vomiting
v. Headache :- Severe pain near the temples.
vi. Diarrhoea
vii. Fatigue
viii. Muscle aches :- Among many complications,the malarial cells target the muscular system,thereby causing excessive pain in muscles leading to muscle contractures and muscle weakness and fatigue.
ix. Kidney Failures :- When the red blood cells burst open,haemoglobin is released into body fluids.It mixes up with urine giving it a very dark complexion.If not controlled,it may result in kidney failure.
x. Seizure(In extreme cases).
xi. Anemia :- Due to excessive loss of RBCs,this complication may arise,particularly in children.
xii. Breathing trouble :- This may happen due to fluid getting accumulated in lungs.This is more commonly seen in pregnant women.
Malaria is a curable disease.But it needs timely diagnosis and prognosis to gain control on the invasive nature of the protozoans.Platelet cells have been observed to fall around just 36000 in case of a very heavy infection which is life threatening. Hence it is advised to take a doctor’s help and not self-medicate if and when the symptoms are observed.
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