Last Updated: August 15, 2018
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C#でExcelファイルを読み込む方法

.NET4+を使うとC#でMicrosoft Excelファイルを読み込み、操作することができるようになります。また、前提条件として使用するPCにExcelをインストールしておく必要がります。(ExcelをインストールしたPCがない場合は、こちらNPOIをご確認ください。*リンク先英語)

最初にMicrosoft Excel XX.X Object Libraryの参照設定を行います。参照設定のCOMタグ。通常ExcelのAliasを使用します。

using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;       //Microsoft Excel 14 object in references-> COM tab

次に、それぞれのCOMオブジェクトに対して参照設定を行います。

//Create COM Objects. Create a COM object for everything that is referenced
Excel.Application xlApp = new Excel.Application();
Excel.Workbook xlWorkbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open(@"sandbox_test.xlsx");
Excel._Worksheet xlWorksheet = xlWorkbook.Sheets[1];
Excel.Range xlRange = xlWorksheet.UsedRange;

この段階でExcelの読み込みが可能になります。また、Excelは0ベースではない点に注意してください。現段階では、ファイル内の情報をそのままの形で表示するのみです。

//iterate over the rows and columns and print to the console as it appears in the file
//excel is not zero based!!
for (int i = 1; i <= rowCount; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= colCount; j++)
{
        //new line
        if (j == 1)
            Console.Write("\r\n");

        //write the value to the console
        if (xlRange.Cells[i, j] != null && xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2 != null)
            Console.Write(xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2.ToString() + "\t");

        //add useful things here!   
    }
}

最後に、参照をアンマネージドメモリに設定する必要があります。このプロセスがないとExcelファイル自体にファイする更新する権限が残ります。

//cleanup
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

//rule of thumb for releasing com objects:
//  never use two dots, all COM objects must be referenced and released individually
//  ex: [somthing].[something].[something] is bad

//release com objects to fully kill excel process from running in the background
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRange);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorksheet);

//close and release
xlWorkbook.Close();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook);

//quit and release
xlApp.Quit();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);

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Full Code サンプル:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;           
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;       //microsoft Excel 14 object in references-> COM tab
namespace Sandbox
{
    public class Read_From_Excel
    {
        public static void getExcelFile()
        {

            //Create COM Objects. Create a COM object for everything that is referenced
            Excel.Application xlApp = new Excel.Application();
            Excel.Workbook xlWorkbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open(@"C:\Users\E56626\Desktop\Teddy\VS2012\Sandbox\sandbox_test - Copy - Copy.xlsx");
            Excel._Worksheet xlWorksheet = xlWorkbook.Sheets[1];
            Excel.Range xlRange = xlWorksheet.UsedRange;

            int rowCount = xlRange.Rows.Count;
            int colCount = xlRange.Columns.Count;

            //iterate over the rows and columns and print to the console as it appears in the file
            //excel is not zero based!!
            for (int i = 1; i <= rowCount; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 1; j <= colCount; j++)
                {
                    //new line
                    if (j == 1)
                        Console.Write("\r\n");

                    //write the value to the console
                    if (xlRange.Cells[i, j] != null && xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2 != null)
                    Console.Write(xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2.ToString() + "\t");
                }
            }

            //cleanup
            GC.Collect();
            GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

            //rule of thumb for releasing com objects:
            //  never use two dots, all COM objects must be referenced and released individually
            //  ex: [somthing].[something].[something] is bad

            //release com objects to fully kill excel process from running in the background
            Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRange);
            Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorksheet);

            //close and release
            xlWorkbook.Close();
            Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook);

            //quit and release
            xlApp.Quit();
            Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);
        }
    }
}