C#でExcelファイルを読み込む方法
.NET4+を使うとC#でMicrosoft Excelファイルを読み込み、操作することができるようになります。また、前提条件として使用するPCにExcelをインストールしておく必要がります。(ExcelをインストールしたPCがない場合は、こちらNPOIをご確認ください。*リンク先英語)
最初にMicrosoft Excel XX.X Object Libraryの参照設定を行います。参照設定のCOMタグ。通常ExcelのAliasを使用します。
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; //Microsoft Excel 14 object in references-> COM tab
次に、それぞれのCOMオブジェクトに対して参照設定を行います。
//Create COM Objects. Create a COM object for everything that is referenced
Excel.Application xlApp = new Excel.Application();
Excel.Workbook xlWorkbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open(@"sandbox_test.xlsx");
Excel._Worksheet xlWorksheet = xlWorkbook.Sheets[1];
Excel.Range xlRange = xlWorksheet.UsedRange;
この段階でExcelの読み込みが可能になります。また、Excelは0ベースではない点に注意してください。現段階では、ファイル内の情報をそのままの形で表示するのみです。
//iterate over the rows and columns and print to the console as it appears in the file
//excel is not zero based!!
for (int i = 1; i <= rowCount; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= colCount; j++)
{
//new line
if (j == 1)
Console.Write("\r\n");
//write the value to the console
if (xlRange.Cells[i, j] != null && xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2 != null)
Console.Write(xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2.ToString() + "\t");
//add useful things here!
}
}
最後に、参照をアンマネージドメモリに設定する必要があります。このプロセスがないとExcelファイル自体にファイする更新する権限が残ります。
//cleanup
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
//rule of thumb for releasing com objects:
// never use two dots, all COM objects must be referenced and released individually
// ex: [somthing].[something].[something] is bad
//release com objects to fully kill excel process from running in the background
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRange);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorksheet);
//close and release
xlWorkbook.Close();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook);
//quit and release
xlApp.Quit();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);
より詳しく紹介されている記事
StackOverflow
Interop Marshaling
Excel and C#
Full Code サンプル:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; //microsoft Excel 14 object in references-> COM tab
namespace Sandbox
{
public class Read_From_Excel
{
public static void getExcelFile()
{
//Create COM Objects. Create a COM object for everything that is referenced
Excel.Application xlApp = new Excel.Application();
Excel.Workbook xlWorkbook = xlApp.Workbooks.Open(@"C:\Users\E56626\Desktop\Teddy\VS2012\Sandbox\sandbox_test - Copy - Copy.xlsx");
Excel._Worksheet xlWorksheet = xlWorkbook.Sheets[1];
Excel.Range xlRange = xlWorksheet.UsedRange;
int rowCount = xlRange.Rows.Count;
int colCount = xlRange.Columns.Count;
//iterate over the rows and columns and print to the console as it appears in the file
//excel is not zero based!!
for (int i = 1; i <= rowCount; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= colCount; j++)
{
//new line
if (j == 1)
Console.Write("\r\n");
//write the value to the console
if (xlRange.Cells[i, j] != null && xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2 != null)
Console.Write(xlRange.Cells[i, j].Value2.ToString() + "\t");
}
}
//cleanup
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
//rule of thumb for releasing com objects:
// never use two dots, all COM objects must be referenced and released individually
// ex: [somthing].[something].[something] is bad
//release com objects to fully kill excel process from running in the background
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRange);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorksheet);
//close and release
xlWorkbook.Close();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook);
//quit and release
xlApp.Quit();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);
}
}
}
Written by STK
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